Superoxide dismutase 3 is an antioxidant that prevents oxidative damage and STAT3 was found to be a major signaling component downstream of diffusible factors dysregulated in PAH (like TNF, IL-6 and PDGF-β) and enhancing proliferation and resistance to apoptosis [144,145,146]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.