LEP and breast carcinoma: For example, Wu et al. reported that levels of circulating leptin were associated with increased breast cancer risk in both premenopausal women (HR = 1.40 (95% CI, 0.83–2.38); comparison of highest to lowest tertile) and postmenopausal women (HR = 1.69 (95% CI, 0.95–3.06)) [88].