TGFB1 and renal cell carcinoma: Kominsky et al. [33] investigated the role of TGF-β1 in RCC bone metastasis and found that TGF-β1-stimulated RCC bone metastasis cells played a role in promoting tumor growth and osteolysis in vivo, perhaps by initiating tumor-promoting paracrine interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment.