TLR9 and neoplasm: Experiments showed that the CpG ODN plus radiotherapy augmented radiation efficacy reduced metastases of tumor cells and improved survival in mouse model of lung cancer.[71,72] In addition to TLR9 agonist, engineered flagellin derivative TLR5 agonist CBLB502 was also found to protect mice and monkeys from acute radiation symptoms and improve radiation efficacy of tumor cells in radiotherapy.[27,73] This implied that TLR5 agonist CBLB502 might be potential as efficient adjuvant for cancer radiotherapy.