TLR2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: HP-NAP is able to enhance the induction of the T helper 1 (TH1) cell differentiation and reduce vascularization of cancer through induction of IFN-γ.[49] Lin et al found that TLR2 signaling in carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-injured liver tissue induced intracellular senescence and activated autophagy to eliminate ROS accumulation and DNA damage, therefore, attenuated the development and progression of HCC.