Our results indicate that (i) significant serum NT-proBNP changes occur during LVP in patients with cirrhosis but not malignancy, (ii) cirrhotic patients with CCF show greatest reductions in serum NT-proBNP and may therefore be at greatest risk of haemodynamic complications following LVP, and (iii) albumin supplementation appears to ameliorate the intravascular depletion associated with LVP. Here, NPPB is linked to clubfoot.