PTP4A3 and rectum adenocarcinoma: For example, deletion of PTP4A3 (49th by MUFFINN yet below 10,000th by the gene-centric methods in KIRP samples) reduces the tumor-initiation ability in cancer [48] and PPAPDC1B (45th by MUFFINN yet below 16,000th by the gene-centric methods in colon and rectal adenocarcinoma (COADREAD) samples) is suggested to be a common driver in the 8p11-12 amplicon in breast, pancreatic, and lung cancer [49].