TNFRSF8 and chronic kidney disease: Due to contact with bioincompatible dialysis membranes and exposure to HLA or HLA-cross-reactive infectious agents (D'Orsogna et al., 2011), end-stage renal disease patients exhibit alterations in their immune response, including increased numbers of interferon (INF)-γ-producing HLA-cross-reactive memory T-cells, reduced numbers of regulatory T-cells, augmented in vitro expansion of T-cells expressing CD30, and an increased serum sCD30 content (Susal et al., 2002, Velásquez et al., 2012).