A further comprehensive validation of 114 informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants of PARK2, in 2,484 cases and controls with well-defined lung cancer and COPD phenotypes, found rs577876, rs6455728 and rs9346917 (p<0.01) to be significantly associated with lung cancer development in people with COPD. This evidence concerns the gene PRKN and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.