Measures of BNP and ANP, markers of cardiac hypertrophy that are released in response to cardiac wall strain, showed that BNP was elevated by 8.2 fold in the prenatally T-treated group relative to controls (p = 0.01, Fig. 3), while ANP levels did not differ (fold change 1.64: p = 0.28) between groups. This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy.