As shown in Fig. 4, CTMP-overexpressing cells showed significantly increased proliferation (26.4%, P < 0.01; and 13.4%, P < 0.05, respectively, Fig. 4A,C) whereas CTMP-suppressed cells showed markedly decreased proliferation in both cell lines (20.5%, P < 0.01; and 11.7%, P < 0.001, respectively, Fig. 4B,D) suggesting contribution of CTMP signaling to cancer cell proliferation. This evidence concerns the gene THEM4 and cancer.