THEM4 and cancer: As shown in Fig. 5, the number of cells that moved to the bottom chamber was significantly increased in CTMP-overexpressing SNU1041 and SCC15 cells (193.3%, P < 0.001; and 23.0%, P < 0.01, respectively, Fig. 5A,C), but markedly decreased in CTMP-suppressed cells compared to control cells (48.7%, P < 0.01 and 31.0%, P < 0.01, respectively, Fig. 5B,D) suggesting contribution of CTMP signaling to cancer cell migration and invasion.