Here, we performed a longitudinal survey of circulating miR-1246 and miR-1290 in the same individuals to assess variation in their levels in response to ongoing EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, which is a standard of care for NSCLC patients with tumours harbouring mutant EGFR. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.