VASP and breast cancer: Previously, our group showed that the actin-associated protein vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) promotes cell proliferation, adhesion, motility and cell migration [19, 20], and is overexpressed in high-motility breast cancer cells, that is to say, VASP expression was higher in MDA-MB-231 cell than that in MCF-7 cell [17].