The addition of IL-2 or IL-6 to cultures of CD8+ T cells from older individuals significantly enhanced the cytolytic activity of 5-day effector CD8+CD45RA+CCR7- T-cells against influenza-infected targets, and the addition of IL-2 plus IL-6 showed significantly greater cytolytic function than either IL-2 or IL-6 alone, suggesting the presence of potentially interacting effects (Figure 4B). Here, IL2 is linked to influenza.