AKT1 and neoplasm: While FGFs are more commonly known to be involved in cancer cell proliferation, Jung et al. has recently shown that PAPSS2 depletion leads to under-sulfonation of HSPGs, which in turn augments FGFR1 and Akt signaling, ultimately inducing premature cellular senescence, a tumour-suppressive mechanism that could lead to tumour clearance through an innate immune response [134].