CUL2 and von Hippel-Lindau disease: Of the well-known adaptors of E3 ligase, we selected von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) and HIV-1 virion infectivity factor (VIF), which are adaptors for the complex including elongin B, elongin C, and cullin-2/5 that possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity [34, 35].