Expression changes of 5 genes were similar to those observed for rapid progression PD patients: ABCA1 (2.35-fold change), AGAP1 (1.69 fold-change), FOXP1 (0.55 fold-change), PPAT (0.38-fold change) and NUB1 (0.77-fold change). This evidence concerns the gene PPAT and Parkinson disease.