EDN1 and endothelial dysfunction: As expected, the present study showed that the results marked hypertension (increased systolic blood pressure and protein levels of ET-1), obese states (increased body weight, fat weight, adipocyte size and plasma levels of leptin), hyperlipidemia (increased plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol), impaired glucose tolerance (decreased protein levels of IRS-1 and Glut4), fatty liver (increased liver weight and fat accumulation) and vascular remodeling (increased endothelial dysfunction and adhesion molecules) through eight weeks of an HF diet.