Interestingly, AR signals have also been shown to induce radioresistance in prostate cancer cells by regulating DNA repair genes that are also known to contribute to CDDP resistance [33] and the expression of ABCG2, a membrane transporter protein associated with multidrug resistance, in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma cells [32]. The gene discussed is ABCG2; the disease is prostate cancer.