CCL7 and HIV infectious disease: Figure 5 shows the schematic representation of effect of HIV infection and other activators on inflammasome formation and their cascade that leads to the inflammatory responses and cell death in macrophages. In HIV infected macrophages in the presence of cocaine, CCL7 and IL-6 are the highly up-regulated genes and persistent high IL-6 production has been implicated in the increased HIV replication, development of various autoimmune, chronic inflammatory diseases49, 68, 69, 70.