TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: A study of healthy neonates subjected to mechanical ventilation found increases in TNF-α and IL-6 in tracheal aspirate fluid (60) and plasma TNF-α levels were correlated with other cytokine levels, including IL-1α and IL-10 among children in a randomized controlled trial of corticosteroids for ARDS (20), suggesting a possible role in pARDS.