AGER and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: Therefore, the accumulation of all the mentioned ligands leads to the activation of RAGE which not only is involved in the pathogenesis and complications of many aging-related diseases such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer's diseases, but also regulates several cellular processes of primary importance such as inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and proliferation, playing a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration [2, 3, 16, 43, 44].