INS and Hyperglycemia: In this study, we utilized MPCCs to investigate for the first time the effects of chronic stimulation (~3 weeks) with pathophysiologic glucose levels (hypo- and hyperglycemia) on several aspects of the PHH phenotype, which included: hepatocyte morphology, gene expression, albumin secretion, urea synthesis, CYP450 activities, hepatic lipid accumulation, and the effects of insulin on glucose output.