In contrast, a decrease in JNK1/2 and c-Jun phosphorylation was observed in the absence of B14 during infection (Fig. 3b, lanes 2 and 3), and consistent with this observation, there was an increase in activated JNK1/2 and c-Jun in cells transfected with the B14 plasmid (Fig. 3b, lanes 4 and 5) compared with the controls (Fig. 3b, lanes 6 and 7). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and infection.