The role of B14 in AP-1 activation was seen clearly during infection by comparing vΔB14 and VACV-WR and this correlated with activation of JNK, which is the main kinase responsible for phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Jun, the major transcriptional activator of AP-1 (Meng & Xia, 2011). This evidence concerns the gene JUN and infection.