Among tumors histologically diagnosed as astrocytoma WHO grade II and III combined (n = 176), the tumors harbouring ATRX loss (n = 96, median: 1952) had a significantly better outcome compared to tumors with ATRX retention (Fig. 3b, n = 80, median 818 days, HR = 2.21, 95 % CI = 1.50–3.23, p < 0.0001). The gene discussed is ATRX; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).