GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype): Similar findings were reported by DOPPS, according to which the target Hb achieved was low (39%–46%) in the 3 most developed metropolitan areas in China (Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou), in addition to a low rate of intravenous iron use in patients undergoing hemodialysis: 41% in Beijing, 18% in Shanghai, and 45% in Guangzhou.[22] On the contrary, in the United States, anemia treatment is mostly initiated within 3 months to 1 year of diagnosis of anemia in patients with CKD.[8]