Although eotaxin-3 itself may not be directly fibrogenic, eosinophils drawn into the lamina propria by fibroblasts that produce eotaxin-3 can release fibrogenic factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 and major basic protein.[39] EoE is a Th2 cytokine-driven disorder, and we have demonstrated that esophageal fibroblasts in vitro respond to Th2 cytokine stimulation with robust expression of the eosinophil chemoattractant eotaxin-3. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and eosinophilic esophagitis.