After adjusting for hemoglobin concentration and eGFR, the EPO level was significantly lower in CKD (β coefficient, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29–0.92, p = 0.025), ACD (β coefficient, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37–0.77, p = 0.001) and AUE (β coefficient, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55–0.97, p = 0.028) compared to IDA but no differences were found in the other groups. This evidence concerns the gene EPO and chronic kidney disease.