A new nosological entity first identified in the 1970s, the so-called non-A, non-B hepatitis, was discovered as HCV in 1989.[2, 3] The first treatment consisted of recombinant interferon (IFN)-α monotherapy and was characterized by a low cure percentage (<10%) and severe side effects.[3] In subsequent decades, new drugs gradually increased the percentage of cure in a stepwise fashion.[2, 3] The IFN-α in combination with ribavirin (RBV) resulted in 34–42% cure rates. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is hepatitis B virus infection.