The results of our study show a dichotomy in the pattern of cytokine regulation in blood from patients with ALS, with a broad but not uniform upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, in line with previous studies,18,19 and the downregulation of IFN-γ. Here, IL5 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.