CASR and neoplasm: To assess the role of the CaSR in kidney cancer, (Joeckel et al., 2014) distributed 33 matched specimens of normal and tumor tissue and 9 primary cells derived from renal cell carcinoma patients into three categories: non-metastasized, metastasized into the lung, and metastasized into bones during a 5-year period after nephrectomy (Joeckel et al., 2014).