HGF and posterior cortical atrophy: HGF concentration was reported to be significantly elevated in the serum of metastatic PCa patients when compared with patients with localized cancer [19], elevated plasma HGF correlated with decreased survival for patients with hormone refractory metastatic PCa [20], and plasma HGF was found to be an independent predictor of PCa metastasis to lymph nodes and disease recurrence after surgery [21].