INS and diabetes mellitus: In morbidly obese eligible for bariatric surgery, as many as 73.9% were zinc deficient.14 Zinc deficiency correlates with elements of the metabolic syndrome such as insulin secretion,15, 17, 18 as well as with diabetes as such in which an increased loss of zinc in the urine is also seen.18 In general, an increased plasma volume could contribute to this pattern, as could reduce dietary zinc intake, which have been reported among obese individuals.17 As recently reviewed by Takeda et al.,45 dietary zinc deficiency rarely results in measurable reductions in brain zinc concentrations.