PDE5A and actinic keratosis: For the two negative control outcomes related to sun exposure, basal cell carcinoma and solar keratosis, we estimated similar HRs to those observed in the main malignant melanoma analysis (adjusted HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.11–1.19, p < 0.001, and HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.17–1.25, p < 0.001, respectively; Table 2), but there was no evidence of any increased risk of colorectal cancer among PDE5 inhibitor users (HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.98, p = 0.01).