INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Under physiological conditions, MIF is produced by pancreatic β-cells and maintains insulin secretion activity [32, 33], while in altered homeostasis, MIF acts as a booster of inflammation that underlines the development of T2DM [34] MIF can exacerbate insulitis, local pancreatic inflammation, and contribute to β-cells apoptosis [35] and finally β-cells dysfunction [36].