VWF and hepatocellular carcinoma: Statistical analysis showed a significant upregulation of von Willebrand factor (vWF), which is a multimeric adhesive glycoprotein encoded as both an antihaemophilic factor carrier and a platelet-vessel wall mediator involved in the blood coagulation cascade22 in ASS HCC, which notably had downregulated expression in the ASMq treatment group (P < 0.05).