On the other hand, there are studies in renal allografts, showing that the kidney expressed local APOL1 is the reason for kidney damage and not the circulating form of APOL1: the APOL1 mutation in transplant recipients did not impair the graft survival, when kidneys of non-APOL1 mutants were transplanted [32]; however kidneys from donors with two risk alleles had a shorter survival time when they were transplanted into patients with no APOL1 risk mutation [33]. This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and Nephropathy.