MMP12 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: It has also been reported that L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus prevented an increase in M1 macrophage markers (CD11c, MMP12) in adipose tissue during obesity(32), and some lactobacilli ameliorated intestinal inflammation by polarising the macrophage population into M2 macrophages in the colon(33,34).