TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Bioactive molecules delivered by this bacterium for therapeutic purpose (using both in vitro and in vivo models) includes anti-TNFα nanobodies for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) for type 2 diabetes, leptin for body weight control, HPV-16 E7 protein for cervical cancer, catalase for IBD/colorectal cancer, among others [14].