EGFR and lung carcinoma: Using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors for EGFR gene mutation-positive lung cancer [1–5] and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors for echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-ALK translocation-positive lung cancer [6, 7] have improved overall survival (OS) in these patients.