When mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) from wild-type and Nupr1-null mice were transformed with rasV12 mutant and E1A oncogene, Nupr1-/- MEFs could not form colonies in soft agar and no tumor was observed with transformed Nupr1-/- MEFs following subcutaneaous or intraperitoneal injections [50]. This evidence concerns the gene DHTKD1 and neoplasm.