PRKN and cancer: Specifically, since mitophagy is regulated in many cell types by Parkin and PINK1 [22, 23] and loss of PINK1 can impair cancer-associated phenotypes including anchorage-independent growth of HeLa cells [46], we speculated that PINK1 and/or Parkin might play a role in promoting soft agar growth of Ras-transformed human cells.