SRC and familial pancreatic carcinoma: In vitro investigations have shown that human PDAC cell lines and immortalized human pancreatic duct epithelial cells synthesize and release the stress neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine in response to treatment with the α7nAChR agonists acetylcholine, nicotine or NNK, thereby increasing intracellular cAMP downstream of beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), resulting in the phosphorylation of ERK, Src, AKT and CREB which increase proliferation and migration of human pancreatic cancer cells [8, 9].