We generated UAS-CHES-1-like transgenic flies, and crossed these flies with different Gal4 lines expressing specifically in germ cells (Nos-Gal4 and Bam-Gal4; Figure 2A), cyst cells (Tj-Gal4; Supplementary Figure 2), and hub cells (Upd-Gal4; Supplementary Figure 3) in fly testes. The gene discussed is LGALS4; the disease is cyst.