The corresponding values for the LA group were 0.43 (baseline), 0.81 (12 months; P < 0.01), and 0.83 (P < 0.0001); thus the median CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio never reached the value of 1 or above in the group that received ART during the chronic phase of HIV-1 infection. Here, CD8A is linked to HIV-1 infection.