CTLA4 and neoplasm: While these data may be confounded by “healthier” patients avoiding palliative radiation long enough to receive radiation with maintenance ipilumimab versus induction, the results can also be interpreted to suggest that preconditioning with anti-CTLA4 improved outcome.[12] In murine models, concurrent and post-RT treatment with anti-CTLA4 has been shown to control tumor growth [6, 29], but had limited influence on overall survival, ranging from 0% [30] to 20% [31] overall survival with the combination of anti-CTLA4 and RT.