Moreover, these studies in vitro provide a conceptual basis to characterize the modulatory interactions of hypomethylated DNA and its varied physiologic ligands, such as TFAM, and receptors in such diverse and pathologic conditions as traumatic injury [40, 41], sepsis and potentially in fetal DNA-induced preterm labor [58], as well as in modulating immune responses during these processes and with vaccination. The gene discussed is TFAM; the disease is Sepsis.