NOD1 and infection: Several caspase activator genes including apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (APAF1; 4.8-fold), caspase recruitment domain family, members 6 and 8 (CARD6; 2.3-fold, and CARD8; 4.5-fold), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1; 4.8-fold) were also induced upon infection.