This notion is exemplified by studies that have led to the identification of various novel candidate cancer predisposing genes, including GATA2, MAX, PALB2, SMARCE1, BAP1 and ERCC4, which predispose to the clinically well-defined entities Emberger-syndrome [124], pheochromocytoma [125], multiple spinal meningioma [126], melanocytic tumours [127] and Fanconi anaemia [128], respectively. The gene discussed is PALB2; the disease is cancer.