Genes implicated in BCR (IgHV, IgKV) and T-Cell Receptor (TCR) assembly (TRAJ and TRAV) and transcriptional regulation, such as NFE2l2, MTERF4, HES1, EXOSC8, NARFL and ZNF414, were affected by either duplication or deletion in at least 20% of LR DLBCL samples. Here, HES1 is linked to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.