A number of clinical trials have revealed that objective responses can be obtained with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies in patients with malignant cancers, including advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma [6,7], and accumulating evidence demonstrates the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and renal cell carcinoma.